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Direct3d 10.0 windows 7 - |
Direct3d 10.0 windows 7 -
Part of DirectX , Direct3D is used to render three-dimensional graphics in applications where performance is important, such as games. Direct3D uses hardware acceleration if it is available on the graphics card , allowing for hardware acceleration of the entire 3D rendering pipeline or even only partial acceleration. Direct3D exposes the advanced graphics capabilities of 3D graphics hardware, including Z-buffering , [1] W-buffering, [2] stencil buffering , spatial anti-aliasing , alpha blending , color blending, mipmapping , texture blending, [3] [4] clipping , culling , atmospheric effects, perspective-correct texture mapping , programmable HLSL shaders [5] and effects.
Direct3D contains many commands for 3D computer graphics rendering; however, since version 8, Direct3D has superseded the DirectDraw framework and also taken responsibility for the rendering of 2D graphics.
Direct3D offers full vertex software emulation but no pixel software emulation for features not available in hardware. For example, if software programmed using Direct3D requires pixel shaders and the video card on the user's computer does not support that feature, Direct3D will not emulate it, although it will compute and render the polygons and textures of the 3D models, albeit at a usually degraded quality and performance compared to the hardware equivalent.
The API does include a Reference Rasterizer or REF device , which emulates a generic graphics card in software, although it is too slow for most real-time 3D applications and is typically only used for debugging. Microsoft bought RenderMorphics in February , bringing Keondjian on board to implement a 3D graphics engine for Windows The first version of Direct3D shipped in DirectX 2. The retained mode was a scene graph API that attained little adoption. Game developers clamored for more direct control of the hardware's activities than the Direct3D retained mode could provide.
Only two games that sold a significant volume, Lego Island and Lego Rock Raiders , were based on the Direct3D retained mode, so Microsoft did not update the retained mode after DirectX 3. For DirectX 2. Execute buffers were intended to be allocated in hardware memory and parsed by the hardware to perform the 3D rendering. They were considered extremely awkward to program at the time, however, hindering adoption of the new API and prompting calls for Microsoft to adopt OpenGL as the official 3D rendering API for games as well as workstation applications.
No substantive changes were planned to Direct3D for DirectX 4. The first beta of DrawPrimitive shipped in February , [14] and the final version shipped with DirectX 5.
DirectX 6. Another was TriTech's proprietary bump mapping technique. Microsoft included these features in DirectX, then added them to the requirements needed for drivers to get a Windows logo to encourage broad adoption of the features in other vendors' hardware. A minor update to DirectX 6. A confidential memo sent in [20] shows Microsoft planning to announce full support for Talisman in DirectX 6. DirectX 7.
Direct3D 7. DirectX 8. Direct3D 8. Direct3D was not considered to be user friendly, but as of DirectX version 8. Direct3D 8 contained many powerful 3D graphics features, such as vertex shaders , pixel shaders , fog , bump mapping and texture mapping. Direct3D 9. Direct3D 9Ex [1]. An extension only available in Windows Vista and newer 7, 8, 8.
Originally called WGF 2. Direct3D 10 [35] features an updated shader model 4. The language itself has been extended to be more expressive, including integer operations, a greatly increased instruction count, and more C-like language constructs.
Unlike prior versions of the API, Direct3D 10 no longer uses "capability bits" or "caps" to indicate which features are supported on a given graphics device. Instead, it defines a minimum standard of hardware capabilities which must be supported for a display system to be "Direct3D 10 compatible". This is a significant departure, with the goal of streamlining application code by removing capability-checking code and special cases based on the presence or absence of specific capabilities.
Because Direct3D 10 hardware was comparatively rare after the initial release of Windows Vista and because of the massive installed base of non-Direct3D 10 compatible graphics cards, the first Direct3D compatible games still provide Direct3D 9 render paths. Examples of such titles are games originally written for Direct3D 9 and ported to Direct3D 10 after their release, such as Company of Heroes , or games originally developed for Direct3D 9 with a Direct3D 10 path retrofitted later in development, such as Hellgate: London or Crysis.
Direct3D The only available Direct3D In , Intel chipsets started supporting Direct3D Direct3D 11 [51] was released as part of Windows 7. It was presented at Gamefest on July 22, and demonstrated at the Nvision 08 technical conference on August 26, The Direct3D 11 runtime is able to run on Direct3D 9 and Tessellation was earlier considered for Direct3D 10, but was later abandoned.
As such, their support was dropped from newer hardware. Microsoft has also hinted at other features such as order independent transparency , which was never exposed by the Direct3D API but supported almost transparently by early Direct3D hardware such as Videologic's PowerVR line of chips. First seen in the Release Candidate version, Windows 7 integrates the first released Direct3D 11 support. Those that are hardware-dependent can be checked individually via CheckFeatureSupport.
X is a superset of DirectX Direct3D 12 [] [] [99] [] [] [] [ excessive citations ] allows a lower level of hardware abstraction than earlier versions, enabling future games to significantly improve multithreaded scaling and decrease CPU utilization.
This is achieved by better matching the Direct3D abstraction layer with the underlying hardware, by means of new features such as Indirect Drawing, descriptor tables, concise pipeline state objects, and draw call bundles. Reducing driver overhead is in fact the main attraction of Direct3D 12, similarly to AMD's Mantle ; [] in the words of its lead developer Max McMullen, the main goal of Direct3D 12 is to achieve "console-level efficiency" and improved CPU parallelism.
Although Nvidia has announced broad support for Direct3D 12, they were also somewhat reserved about the universal appeal of the new API, noting that while game engine developers may be enthusiastic about directly managing GPU resources from their application code, "a lot of [other] folks wouldn't" be happy to have to do that.
Some new hardware features are also in Direct3D 12, [] [] [] including Shader Model 5. Pipeline state objects [] have evolved from Direct3D 11, and the new concise pipeline states mean that the process has been simplified.
DirectX 11 offered flexibility in how its states could be altered, to the detriment of performance. Simplifying the process and unifying the pipelines e.
This means that commands are bottlenecked by the speed at which the CPU could send these commands in a linear fashion. Within DirectX 12 these commands are sent as command lists, containing all the required information within a single package. The GPU is then capable of computing and executing this command in one single process, without having to wait on any additional information from the CPU.
Within these command lists are bundles. Where previously commands were just taken, used, and then forgotten by the GPU, bundles can be reused.
This decreases the workload of the GPU and means repeated assets can be used much faster. While resource binding is fairly convenient in Direct3D 11 for developers at the moment, its inefficiency means several modern hardware capabilities are being drastically underused.
When a game engine needed resources in DX11, it had to draw the data from scratch every time, meaning repeat processes and unnecessary uses. In Direct3D 12, descriptor heaps and tables mean the most often used resources can be allocated by developers in tables, which the GPU can quickly and easily access. This can contribute to better performance than Direct3D 11 on equivalent hardware, but it also entails more work for the developer.
Dynamic Heaps are also a feature of Direct3D Direct3D 12 features explicit multi-adapter support, allowing the explicit control of multiple GPUs configuration systems. Such configurations can be built with graphics adapter of the same hardware vendor as well of different hardware vendor together. The aim of Direct3D is to abstract the communication between a graphics application and the graphics hardware drivers.
It is presented like a thin abstract layer at a level comparable to GDI see attached diagram. Direct3D contains numerous features that GDI lacks. It provides a low-level interface to every video card 3D function transformations, clipping, lighting , materials , textures , depth buffering and so on. It once had a higher level Retained mode component, now officially discontinued.
Direct3D immediate mode presents three main abstractions: devices , resources and Swap Chains see attached diagram. Devices are responsible for rendering the 3D scene. They provide an interface with different rendering capabilities. For example, the mono device provides white and black rendering, while the RGB device renders in color. There are four types of devices:. Every device contains at least one swap chain. A swap chain is made up of one or more back buffer surfaces.
Rendering occurs in the back buffer. Moreover, devices contain a collection of resources ; specific data used during rendering. Each resource has four attributes:. The Microsoft Direct3D 11 API defines a process to convert a group of vertices, textures, buffers, and state into an image on the screen.
This process is described as a rendering pipeline with several distinct stages. The different stages of the Direct3D 11 pipeline are: []. The pipeline stages illustrated with a round box are fully programmable.
The application provides a shader program that describes the exact operations to be completed for that stage. Many stages are optional and can be disabled altogether. In Direct3D 5 to 9, when new versions of the API introduced support for new hardware capabilities, most of them were optional — each graphics vendor maintained their own set of supported features in addition to the basic required functionality.
Support for individual features had to be determined using "capability bits" or "caps", making cross-vendor graphics programming a complex task.
Direct3D 10 introduced a much simplified set of mandatory hardware requirements based on most popular Direct3D 9 capabilities which all supporting graphics cards had to adhere to, with only a few optional capabilities for supported texture formats and operations. As Direct3D This approach allows developers to unify the rendering pipeline and use a single version of the API on both newer and older hardware, taking advantage of performance and usability improvements in the newer runtime. Each upper level is a strict superset of a lower level, with only a few new or previously optional features that move to the core functionality on an upper level.
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